Dehumanization Of Jewish People During The Holocaust

Nathan Vondergeest Mrs. Cummins English 2 9/28/15 Dehumanization of Jewish People during the Holocaust Imagine being treated like cattle - living one’s life inside a fence, starved, killed for no reason. Would one hang on to their humanity, or would they let go of their hope, their compassion, their faith? From 1939 to 1945, the Nazi German military systematically kidnapped, tortured and killed millions of Jews in their twisted effort to racially purify Germany. This genocide has come to be known as the Holocaust. During the Holocaust, millions of Jews were mercilessly beaten, sadistically experimented upon, and killed for pleasure. Through these three ways, the Jewish people were treated as subhuman; through these three ways, the Jewish people began to believe it themselves. Jewish people were subjected to terrible beatings, powerless at the hands of the German soldiers. Evidence of this can be found in Night, Elie Wiesel s memoir of his experience as a Jewish captive of Nazi Germany. When his father asks to use a bathroom, Elie claims the Kapo slapped [his] father with such force that he fell down and then crawled back to his place on all fours (Wiesel 39). Obviously, such force exhibited by this Kapo was in humane and uncalled for; these acts, and this attitude of violence and condescension taken by the German Kapos, contributed to the dehumanization of the Jewish people. The spirit of anti-semitism that was so prevalent in Germany during the Holocaust led toShow MoreRelatedThe Victims Of The Holocaust1467 Words   |  6 PagesDehumanization is defined as a psychological process whereby members of a group of people assert the inferiority of another group.ï ¿ ½ Opponents view each other as less than human and thus not deserving of moral consideration, and are treated as less than humans through subtle or overt acts or statements.ï ¿ ½ Experiencing dehumanization can often lead to feelings of intense hatred and alienation among conflicting parties. The more severe the conflict, the more the psychological distance between groupsRead MoreDehumanization Is The Process Of Depriving A Person1705 Words   |  7 PagesElie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor, depicting what dehumanization did to him. Dehumanization is the process of depriving a person or group of positive human qualities.Often times in our lives today, we can see examples of dehumanization where we treat humans less than what they are. Whether it be because their ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation, they become thought of as worth less than a â€Å"normal† person. But, this didn’t all just start recently. We can track dehumanization all the way backRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1367 Words   |  6 PagesNight is the detailed accoun t of Elie Wiesel’s experiences as a Jew in Germany during the Holocaust. Night is considered a memoir, however, Wiesel uses fictional characters to tell his story. Eliezer acts as Wiesel’s author surrogate, a fictional character based on the author, and narrates the story. Over the course of the text Wiesel exposes the full face of the dehumanization perpetrated against the Jewish people. Through persuasive oration, Hitler was able to manipulate the Germans and justifyRead MoreThe Comic Book MAUS1288 Words   |  5 PagesMAUS Introduction Since the publishing of the comic book MAUS, there has been a broad debate not only from the survivors of the Holocaust but within the Jewish community pertaining to the appropriateness and representational meaning of the Holocaust in the modern literature. Many people who participate in the discussions or read the book have perceived the comic fashioning of the book as trivial, hence making the book appear as mocking, derogatory and comedic. Nevertheless, this is not theRead MoreThe Rise Of Nazism And The Holocaust1668 Words   |  7 Pagescourse the world takes. Adolf Hitler is one of these individuals. Hitler, the figurehead of the Nazi regime that led Germany to World War II, and instigated one of the most infamous genocides in history, the Holocaust. The impact Adolf Hitler had on history, namely, the rise of Nazism and the Holocaust is also due to a favourable set of circumstances that without them Hitler himself would not have been enough. There is no denying that Hitler was not ‘Charismatic’, a leader that brought a type of cult followingRead MoreDehumanization in Night, by Elie Wiesel Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesof how people could become almost unimaginably cruel due to dehumanization corresponds with the Jews experience in the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the ruthless massacre of Jewish people, and other people who were consider to be vermin to the predetermined Aryan race in the 1940s. One holocaust survivor and victim was Elie Wiesel, Nobel Peace Prize winner and author of Night. Wiesel was one of the countless people to go through the horrors of the concentration camps, which dehumanized people down toRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi Party1719 Words   |  7 Pagescreated tension in the government and in the people. The Holocaust can be looked at through eight itemized stages. Genocide can only be stopped with intervention on a worldwide scale. It disheartens me to know that mass murders h ave taken place throughout Europe because the Nazi Party declared themselves the higher being and therefore gave themselves the right to be the judge, jury, and executioner of the people less fortunate. Finally, The Holocaust, driven by the power and influence of HitlerRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pages Eliezer â€Å"Elie† Wiesel, a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate and Holocaust survivor, acknowledged that â€Å"There is so much injustice and suffering crying out for our attention: victims of hunger, of racism, and political persecution, writers and poets, prisoners in so many lands governed by the left and by the right. Human rights are being violated on every continent. More people are oppressed than free.† When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they believed thatRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1449 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe the Holocaust. The Holocaust affected the lives of millions bec ause of the hate inside of the Nazi’s. Why would the Nazi’s do this? This is a question almost nobody can answer. What we do know are the effects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psychological difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelingsRead MoreThe Elements Of Genocide : Genocide1312 Words   |  6 Pagesa genocide is the holocaust, which was a governmental systematic persecution and the murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazis. Like the holocaust, genocides posses eight stages known as classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination and denial. These characteristics will ultimately define if situation was a genocide or not. Similarities and differences for the eight stages of the genocide can be seen between the dark Holocaust, and the cruel War

Essay on Racism The Root of All Evil - 1375 Words

Racism is not new, it has been around for thousands of years. Even in the book full of love and peace; it carries several instances of racist people. Around 1140 B.C. a lovely new widow and her mother-in-law come to Jerusalem to start their lives over and to be accepted by the people of God. Unfortunately the widow, Ruth, was not one the â€Å"chosen† people. She was a Moabitess, considered heathen to the Jewish people. Ruth, wanting to glean in the fields so she and her mother-in-law could eat was shunned by the Jewish women. She was not able to gain enough food because she was different, not like the other women, not accepted because of her race. (Ruth 2:1-6). Sound familiar? The years have come and gone, social customs have evolved, but†¦show more content†¦These 3 races speak different languages, live in certain areas, and live totally different socially. The Dutch predominantly owns South Africa and the Coza are workers looked down upon. There is a clear distinct ion between the rich and poor due to the color of skin. The lighter skin tone, the better life that person has. (BBC News). â€Å"[Racism] . . . remains a silent code that systematically closes the doors of opportunity. . .† (National Association of Social Workers). It has adapted to the society it lives in, nothing has changed. Living in a world where superiority and segregation ruled it has become hard to break away from that normality. Mankind unconsciously, most of the time, makes choices that are deemed racist because of the old acceptance it once had. Going back to the days of slavery, many thought it was acceptable to treat other races as property not knowing it was wrong. Many of our past Presidents owned their own personal slaves. Looking at the history nowadays the actions are seen as pure racism to most Americans although back then it was normal. Generally there is a clear line dividing public inhumane racism now and the subtle racism that goes on today. The silent thoughts and unconscious choosing of the â€Å"better† race for job positions is a huge part of today’s society. A study was done at Northwestern University showing that, â€Å".Show MoreRelatedRacism: The Root Of All Evil1022 Words   |  5 Pagesmankind is divided. Society lives poisoned by the sting of racism, which may lead and is directly related to immigration, violence, social tension. Racism as defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Sadly, this definition becomes flesh every day, and has existed since long time ago. Racism has been titled by the authors Hulteen Wallis as â€Å"America’sRead MoreA Protest Against Racism In Ralph Ellisons The Invisible Man1099 Words   |  5 PagesA Protest Against Racism Merriam- Webster’s dictionary defines racism as, â€Å"prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that ones own race is superior† (Merriam-Webster). The story follows a young college age black man (Invisible) in his quest of personal identity. The story follows a young college-age black man (Invisible Man) in his quest of personal identity. The novel exposed the evils of racism that are difficult to eradicateRead MoreAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 Pagesnationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changes as his views on race change. At first, he wants readers to feel the destructiveness of racism, so he conveys his experiences through provocative langua ge. When he aims to promote universal peace, he takes on a more optimistic toneRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1612 Words   |  7 Pagesdegradation of mankind in his novel. Throughout the novel, the reader is able to see Conrad’s perspective of humanity by discussing two integral issues of the time, Racism and Colonialism. More importantly one can see how he believes humanity has fallen from grace, how it can’t even see it own faults, through his usage of Darkness. Racism, Colonialism, and Darkness are intrinsically intertwined, as they allow people to egregiously harm their fellow man, while restricting people’s capabilities to seeRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Aaron the Moor in Shakespeare ´s Titus Andronicus1025 Words   |  4 Pagespart, if not all, was Aaron the Moor. The audience of the play would be so quick to rule Aaron as a purely evil character, the most evil of all the other characters. However, a deeper analysis of Aaron sh ows that despite his villainy, he still has a human side which he shows towards his son, and that his dark skin has made him a victim of racism, which might have influenced his character, and developed his evil nature that he enjoys. Aarons status is more complicated than just purely evil, and on theRead MoreThe 2017 Horror-Thriller Film Get Out, Ironically Directed1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe 2017 horror-thriller film Get Out, ironically directed by famous comedian, Jordan Peele, caught the attention of a wide array of audiences with its strong take on tackling present day racism. The movie revolves around Chris Washington, a black man, who is in an interracial relationship with Rose Armitage, a white woman. The concept of interracial dating is still frowned upon by a rather substantial amount of Americans today, and this movie uses that uneasiness to drive its message across. RoseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Garden Of Good And Evil By John Berendt1373 Words   |  6 PagesPolitics in the United States has been since the beginning of political existence, intricate and convoluted just as it appears in Midnight In The Garden Of Good And Evil written by John Berendt. This extract from the novel Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil cultivates awareness through its use of language and generic conventions in giving an insight into the stratification of feudal society of Savannah, Georgia, in the South of America during the 1980s. The two main representations of this extractRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Minstrel Show 758 Words   |  4 PagesEleanor W. Traylor begins by explaining the fallacy in thinking that ragtime was the first and foremost contributor to black theatre art in America. She argues that the source of all that can be called representative American theatre is Aframerican (47). In other words, she elaborates, there were two kinds of ceremonies and narratives pervasive to black theatre before ragtime. The minstrel show is one example. The ar ticle stresses that the minstrel show was not invented by white plantationRead MoreCompare and Contrast Huckleberry Finn and to Kill a Mockingbird1687 Words   |  7 PagesMockingbird, the authors demonstrate several themes: the coexistence of good and evil, the importance of moral education, the existence of social inequality, racism and slavery, intellectual and moral education, and the hypocrisy of â€Å"civilized† society. The common themes throughout the two books depict; that although the settings are nearly a century apart, society has not changed as drastically as believed. Racism, a main theme throughout both books reveals itself in many ways. The Adventures ofRead MoreWhat Causes Racism Persists?1568 Words   |  7 PagesCauses Racism Persists? Could a tree be racist? Could a tree decide, based on race, how much oxygen it’d provide to the people around it? Could a tree emulate the evil of man? Regardless of how you’d answer those questions, trees and racism hold one important parallel: without their roots, they can’t exist. Roots allow racism, like trees, to live, build, and continue. Today racism persists due to the benefit racism offers the white collective, the confusion that inundates race and racism, the failures

Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question: Discuss about the Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Answer: Introduction Obesity is a chronic disease gaining attention as a major health concern in different countries across the globe. Its association with gastrointestinal health has been under research in the contemporary era since it has major implications for health care and nursing practice (Ng et al., 2014). Several reports have indicated an increased prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in obese individuals in studies conducted in different communities. Gastroenterologists and nurses have an important role in recognising the increased rate of obesity and the causal relationship it holds with multiple gastrointestinal conditions for adequately managing obesity-related gastrointestinal complications. An awareness of all associations and complications of obesity in relation to gastrointestinal conditions is crucial for providing comprehensive care by the nursing profession (Johnson,2010). The present paper highlights the relation between obesity and gastrointestinal health with a focus on nursing implications for the condition. The paper discusses the factors surrounding gastrointestinal health that are to be considered in the nursing assessment for obesity, and gastrointestinal and dietary considerations that the nurse addresses in providing education to a patient with obesity. It also critically analyses the manner in which gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology is affected by obesity and throws light on the most significant diagnostics and pharmacological treatment for obesity and the role of the nurse in providing these. Factors surrounding gastrointestinal health that will need to be considered in the nursing assessment for obesity Obesity is a multifactoral, complex condition in which individuals are put at an increased risk of health complications due to excess amount of body fat. Excess fat may be due to an imbalance of energy expenditure and energy intake. For proper treatment and management of obesity, it is essential that an efficient assessment of the individual is carried out for indicating obesity. Apart from the nutritional assessment of the patient encompassing biochemical assessment and clinical examinations, one must consider an assessment of gastrointestinal health for assessment for obesity. A nurse is to carry out a complete examination of past and current gastrointestinal (GI) information through health history and physical assessment. Questions are to be asked regarding symptoms like indigestion, gas, pain, vomiting, nausea, constipation and diarrhoea. In addition, the patient also needs to be asked about bowel habits, previous GI diseases and occurrence of jaundice. Physical assessment needs to include auscultation, inspection, palpation and percussion of the abdomen. The abdomen is to be inspected for nodules, bruises and wounds along with lesions, scarring, inflammation and discoloration. Distention and bulging are to be noted (Hurt et al., 2010). A thorough gastrointestinal health assessment is crucial for assessing patients for obesity. An abdominal pain assessment needs to be carried out, and patients are to be asked specific questions regarding pain occurring before or after meals or at the time of eating. Questions also are to involve heartburn and issues like sore mouth, throat or tongue. Changes in appetite, the presence of nausea and food intolerance are to be noted effectively. The patients are also to be questioned regarding their use of antacids and laxatives. In addition, amount, frequency and colour of stool are also to be noted. The previous history of GI diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and cholecystitis are to be assessed (Ashburn Reed, 2010). According to Huseini et al., (2014) evaluation of the GI tract for assessment of obesity yields valuable information that has major implications for planned treatment. Assessment is to include upper endoscopy, testing for H pylori and evaluation of the gall bladder and liver disorders. A nurse specialised in gastroenterological assessment would contribute to the proper evaluation of the patient. Testing for H pylori is necessary as infection from the bacteria has been reported in almost 40% cases of obesity. Noninvasive urease test with positive result indicates abnormal endoscopy. Liver histology when done in obese patients usually reveals major abnormalities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver diseases are therefore to be assessed in patients with the help of imaging tests like ultrasonography and blood tests. Obesity is highly associated with gallstones that ultrasonography. It is vital to make sure that suitable indications exist regarding performing endoscopy in pat ients suffering from obesity. Obese individuals have increased chances of having upper gastrointestinal symptoms as well as gastritis and hiatal hernias. It has also been established that obese patients are at more risk of underlying gasterointestinal pathology. Thus, there can be changes in the threshold for carrying out endoscopy in patients though there may be increased risk related with the procedure. Dietary and gastrointestinal considerations the nurse need to address in providing education to the individual with obesity Nursing interventions for patients with obesity include patient education is an important element. Patient education for obesity needs to include components of a healthy diet, principles of proper weight management and the negative impacts of binging, purging and fasting. Nurses are to provide nutritional recommendations to the patients so that they are able to achieve positive health outcomes. The usefulness of diet and required modifications of any kind are also to be explained to the patient (Mushref Srinivasan, 2012). Johnson (2010) outlines the considerations that nurses need to address while educating an obese patient. Patients are to be educated to include in their diet sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits on a regular basis. An excessive amount of fat and sugar are to be avoided at all costs. Healthy food choices made at home are to be encouraged, and fast food is to be discouraged. It is important for the patient to know about the different types of fat and their role in a healthy diet. Patients must consider consuming mono, and poly-unsaturated fats as these help in lowering the blood cholesterol levels. Cholesterol free and saturated fat-free food options are to be encouraged. Sodium content in food increases blood pressure and are to be consumed in low amount. A balanced diet with rice, wheat, potato and barley products would be beneficial. Other ingredients that are to be consumed would include beans, legumes, fresh lean meat, fish, tofu and egg whites, olive oil, sunflower oil and nuts. Milk and dietary product must also be considered in the diet. Nurses may also motivate patients to eat daily meals together with the family as this has a positive implication for eating habits. Being mindful of the portion size of food choices is also crucial, and the patient is to be educated regarding this. Patients are to be educated regarding the need of physical exercises in this context. Educating patients about the importanceof healthier food choices can be often time-consuming and frustrating for nurses. It is expected that nurses demonstrate patience and sympathy while educating patients on this matter. Since a nurse is on the front line of handling patient problems due to overweight, it is pivotal that nurses educate patients about the tremendously damaging impact of obesity. Educating the patient about the gastrointestinal complications arising due to obesity, like diarrhoea, bloating, nausea and vomiting would help in bringing behavioural changes in the patient. Su fficient information is to be provided to the patients about the secondary health complications that arise due to obesity so that they are aware of the potential complications they can face in due course. Nurses are to face the problem head-on and not turn a blind eye to the challenges faced by the patients. Critical analysis of the manner in which gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology is affected by obesity The effect of obesity on the gastrointestinal physiology and anatomy and the succeeding requirement for gastrointestinal procedures warrants critical consideration. The relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal disorders is predominantly strong to raise the chances that there is a mechanical connection between the two. Examination of how obesity leads to changes in physiology and anatomy of the gastrointestinal (GI) system or vice versa is undertaken the time and again (Rajindrajith et al., 2014). Data has revealed that obesity is linked with diarrhoea and a number of explanations come up to describe the relationship. It has been hypothesised that patients suffering from obesity consume an excessive amount of sugars that are poorly absorbed by the human body that is a main cause of osmotic diarrhoea. Particularly, patients with obesity consume more amounts of fructose that the permissible limit. The findings can explain a section of the link between obesity and changes in the gastrointestinal system. The studies already conducted have not considered control of specific dietary variables, laying provisions for judging whether the established relationship holds chances of being muted or eliminated. It is further possible that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) confound the relationship between gastrointestinal diseases and obesity. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have increased chances of receiving PPI treatment in comparison to patients not having GERD. PPI ther apy promotes the different forms of bacterial overgrowth as a result of the elimination of gastric acid that promotes abdominal pain, constipation, bloating and symptoms related to dyspepsia. Moreover, PPI therapy alters duodenal, gastric, and intestinal bacterial profiles (Phatak et al., 2016). Acosta and Camilleri (2014) highlight that a proposed mechanism that explains the imbalance of gastrointestinal system in association with obesity is binge eating. Binge eating can be witnessed in patients suffering from obesity, and this leads to an alteration in the gastrointestinal system as patients eat to an extent causing abdominal discomfort. Researchers have surveyed obese patients and their eating behaviours and the GI symptoms they have. It has been found that excess eating due to binge eating results in an increased calorie intake, leading to dealy in gastric emptying. Delay in gastric emptying is a significant physiological event, and patients suffer from vomiting and nausea. Alemn et al., (2014) studied the impact of fat gained due to obesity and gastric motility. The researchers found that diet with high-fat content, as marked by obesity, induces changes in the sensitivity to hormones like leptin and ghrelin instead of changes in the rate of secretion. High-fat diet als o changes postprandial levels of Peptide YY (PYY) hormone and secretion rate of Cholecystokinin (CCK) hormone. Donohoe et al., (2014) argue that though a number of studies have documented changes in gastric physiology and anatomy in obese patients, the results have inconsistency between them. The cause of such inconsistency may be the variation in tools used for the measurement of the agreed parameters. On an interesting note, many studies have indicated that patients with obesity have increased gastric emptying of solids as compared to those who are not obese. On the contrast, other studies are known to have indicated no major changes in gastric emptying in patients with changing BMI. In summation, studies have generated number of importat questions than significant answers in relation to the link between obesity and changes in the gastrointestinal system. Most significant diagnostics and pharmacological treatments for obesity and the Nurses role within providing these Obesity can be effectively diagnosed through a number of diagnostic tests that reviews the health condition of the patient through physical examinations. The most effective tool for diagnosing obesity is the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) for the patient. BMI is calculated by height and waist measurements. It is a method of quantifying the amount of tissue mass in the individual and then categorising the individual as normal weight, underweight or obese. A person with high BMI is referred to as being overweight. The second most effective method for assessing obesity is measuring the waist circumference. Blood tests for diagnosing obesity may include liver function tests, cholesterol tests, fasting tests and thyroid tests amongst others. An overall physical examination would include measurement of vital signs like body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate (Bray Bouchard, 2014). Apart from behaviour modification, exercise and dietary changes, pharmacological interventions are crucial for managing obesity. Drug therapy acts as an adjunct for the treatment of obese patients. Until in recent times, pharmacological treatments for obesity have had limited application as there are concerns related to safety and efficacy. Long term administration of the drugs is required since the patients have a tendency to regain weight after the drugs are stopped being consumed. As such, in case the patient is not successful of losing the modest sum of weight it is advisable to stop the medication. In the present times, pharmacological treatments are being considered as adjunctive therapy in overweight and obese patients (Yanovski Yanovski, 2014). Phentermine is an amphetamine derivative that is approved by the concerned organisation for achieving short-term weight loss. The agents act by stimulating the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, causing the repression of appetite . Despite a growing enthusiasm from patients towards pharmacological treatments for obesity, only a handful of drugs has been approved for administration. These list of drugs include Saxenda, Xenical and Duromine. These drugs are the main options to loose weight that mainly acts by preventing the body from maximum absorption of fat or suppression of appetite. Benefits in blood pressure and glycemic control have also been established. There may be however some side effects of the medications that are to be taken care of, including fluctuations of weight. Best alternatives are to be strongly considered wherever needed (Nathan Gorman, 2015). As opined by Apovian et al., (2015) nurses have a key role in providing obese patients with the best-suited diagnostics and treatment options. Initiating and engaging a conversation with the patient suffering from obesity for considering the diagnostics and treatment may be challenging for nurses as patients are often victims of stigma and discrimination in the society. Patients with obesity find it difficult to engage in an open conversation for discussing the medical needs and the emotional support needed for adhering to the mediation regime. It is the responsibility of the nurses to motivate the patients in a positive direction to achieve better patient outcomes through inspiration and encouragement. The nurses need to minimise the discomfort of the patients in accessing the suitable treatment options for reducing obesity. It is crucial to explain to the patients the importance of adequate treatment of obesity while being highly sensitive to the readiness of the patient to bring a bout the change (George et al., 2015). Conclusion Obesity is one of the most severe conditions of the human body that leads to poor psychological and medical health as well as premature death. Alarmingly, the rate of obese individuals is rising rapidly. The associated diseases of obesity lead to a considerable amount of healthcare costs. In a quest for treating obesity researchers have given emphasis on the relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal health. Obesity has the potential to impact the gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology to a considerable extent. Physicians and nurses are on the front line for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastrointestinal disorders presented with obesity. Nurses are positioned uniquely to care for patients suffering from obesity and provide with primary care options and sufficient patient education. A number of diagnostics and pharmacological treatment options have emerged that can clinically manage obese patients. It is the responsibility of the nurses to be acquainted with the most effective treatment options and the potential risks, indications, complications and benefits of the treatment options. The overall goal of nursing care for the patients suffering from obesity would be to bring about healthy changes in daily practice in order to curb the negative impact of obesity on gastrointestinal health. References Acosta, A., Camilleri, M. (2014). Gastrointestinal morbidity in obesity.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1311(1), 42-56. Alemn, J. O., Eusebi, L. H., Ricciardiello, L., Patidar, K., Sanyal, A. J., Holt, P. R. (2014). Mechanisms of obesity-induced gastrointestinal neoplasia.Gastroenterology,146(2), 357-373. Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Pagotto, U., ... Still, C. D. (2015). Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,100(2), 342-362. Ashburn, D. D., Reed, M. J. (2010). Gastrointestinal system and obesity.Critical care clinics,26(4), 625-627. Bray, G. A., Bouchard, C. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of obesity: clinical applications. CRC Press. Donohoe, C. L., OFarrell, N. J., Doyle, S. L., Reynolds, J. V. (2014). The role of obesity in gastrointestinal cancer: evidence and opinion.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology,7(1), 38-50. George, M., Rajaram, M., Shanmugam, E. (2014). New and emerging drug molecules against obesity.Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics,19(1), 65-76. Hurt, R. T., Kulisek, C., Buchanan, L. A., McClave, S. A. (2010). The obesity epidemic: challenges, health initiatives, and implications for gastroenterologists.Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY),6(12), 780-92. Huseini, M., Wood, G. C., Seiler, J., Argyropoulos, G., Irving, B. A., Gerhard, G. S., ... Rolston, D. D. (2014). Gastrointestinal symptoms in morbid obesity.Frontiers in medicine,1. Johnson, D. A. (2010).Gastroenterologic Issues in the Obese Patient, An Issue of Gastroenterology Clinics(Vol. 39, No. 1). Elsevier Health Sciences. Mushref, M. A., Srinivasan, S. (2012). Effect of high fat-diet and obesity on gastrointestinal motility.Annals of translational medicine,1(2). Nathan, P. E., Gorman, J. M. (Eds.). (2015).A guide to treatments that work. Oxford University Press. Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., ... Abraham, J. P. (2014). Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 19802013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,384(9945), 766-781. Phatak, U. P., Phadke, M. Y., Pashankar, D. S. (2016). Obesity and gastrointestinal disorders in children. InObesity(pp. 149-157). Springer International Publishing. Rajindrajith, S., Devanarayana, N. M., Benninga, M. A. (2014). Obesity and Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children:(Int J Obes [Lond] Published Online First: 2 May 2014. doi: 10.1038/ijo. 2014.67).Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility,20(3), 414. Yanovski, S. Z., Yanovski, J. A. (2014). Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review.Jama,311(1), 74-86.

Transaction Processing System

Question: What options are available for GOLFSMITH in terms of software and applications? If the CEO likes the idea of purchasing software, what are your next steps? What is a logical design? What is a physical design? Describe the steps typically performed in systems design. Answer: Introduction Transaction processing system is a style of processing data which divides the work into individuals and inseparable operations named as transactions. Golfing Tools are manufactured and then retailed by Golfsmith organization. Apart from the Retail outlets, this organization has a good hold on the Web in entire U.S.Organization is now required to install transaction processing system and an order entry framework. Transaction Processing System Transaction processing system (TPS) is a software framework or a combination of software or hardware that supports easy or simple transaction processing of data (Brown, 2000). Proposal of recommendation Plan of Action As an IT manager, I suggest that CEO of GOLFSMITH should take consideration of different TSP software and Cloud Models available in the market for the better transaction of data and check appropriate new order entry cloud systems available in the market. Features and applications of available software should be checked properly (Guo, Papaioannou, Aberer, 2014). Options of TPS Software Tuxedo is the middleware model utilized to manage the distributed data transaction processing within distributed computing situations. Tuxedo is a data transaction processing framework, a transaction-familiarized middleware and it is an industry based application server available for numerous systems and for different programming languages. On the other hand, cloud model is also suitable for TPS and new entry system because implementing cloud computing is the best business approach for Golfsmith (Linthicum, 2016). The most significant distributed computing model in cloud computing is Hadoop, which is an open source cloud model developed by the organization Yahoo for the large scale transaction processing. Selection of Cloud or Tuxedo As an IT Manager, I recommend the CEO of GOLFSMITH that he should go with the Tuxedo Transaction Processing System or use it as a new entry system as there are a lot of benefits associated with it. Oracles Tuxedo empowers appropriated applications to the scale which responds to the change the transaction loads by dynamically spawning as well as terminating servers and by dynamically deactivating and activating objects to meet the employment needs. Oracle Tuxedo adjusts the workload among every accessible service and objects to guarantee that they should be equally utilized (Song, Li, Zhou, Li, 2013). Steps for buying Tuxedo Oracle Tuxedo offers a middleware framework for building a scalable multiplier client or server applications within heterogeneous and distributed situations that broaden the Web applications for the Enterprises. By utilizing Oracles Tuxedo, clients can develop, arrange and convey the distributed applications severally on the underlying hardware, software, operating system, as well as database environment (Su, 2015). Physical design Physical Design for Oracles TSP demonstrates: Person or Machine Boundaries Architecture of Network Technology Assignment Distribution of Process Data Distribution Logical design Logical design is made by separating procedures such as: Time Client and Server Place Distributed vs. Centralized Batch vs. Online Automated vs. Manual System design Implement the transactions utilizing two-phase submit a protocol. In the initial phase,the coordinator requests for every LTMs as well as to take care that the operation or function essential for this has been executed correctly. If each LTMs vote positively, then they execute the second phase in which Tuxedo actually submits the transaction. Otherwise, the data transaction is prematurely ended. Then they allot data products to LTMs utilizing steady hashing. To accomplish an adjusted task, initially, cluster the data into virtual hubs and then allot such virtual hubs to LTMs. Different virtual hubs can be allocated to the similar LTM.To overcome the LTM disappointments, virtual hubs along with transaction states are replicated into many LTMs. After the LTM server disappointment, the recent updates or overhauls can then be recuperated and the influenced data transactions can proceed with the implementation phase by fulfilling ACID properties. At last detailed configuration or designin g of TPS is done to ensure the Atomicity, Isolation, Durability and Consistency properties of data transactions (Vinje, Marsland, Grtner, 2012). Cloud model for data processing Software as a Service is the model which is a delivery and software licensing framework in which the software is authorized on a membership premise and it is a centrally hosted cloud model.SaaS cloud model includes numerous services as well as applications such as reliable and secure transaction of data. GOLFSMITHs success depends on upon the reliable handling or processing of data transactions to guarantee that the orders of the clients are delivered well in time. The SaaS is a cloud model which helps the organization to enter reliable data in the new systems (Linthicum, 2016). Conclusion In this study it has been concluded, that to accomplish performance, consistency and reliability, data is promptly accessible within data warehouses, reinforcement processes must be placed as well as the recovery procedures must be established to deal with Human failure, Systems failure, viruses in computers, software applications and with natural disasters. It has also been concluded that by utilizing Oracle Tuxedo, clients can develop, organize and convey distributed applications autonomously. References Brown, R. (2000). Visualising the performance of a large transaction processing computer system. Computing Control Engineering Journal, 11(6), 263-272. Guo, T., Papaioannou, T., Aberer, K. (2014). Efficient Indexing and Query Processing of Model-View Sensor Data in the Cloud. Big Data Research, 1, 52-65. Linthicum, D. (2016). Software-Defined Networks Meet Cloud Computing. IEEE Cloud Comput., 3(3), 8-10. Song, M., Li, Z., Zhou, B., Li, C. (2013). 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